Socio-Economic Dimensions of Eco-Tourism in Jharkhand: An Analysis of Employment Trends and Regional Growth

Abstract

Eco-tourism is increasingly promoted as a sustainable livelihood strategy for economically marginalized yet ecologically rich regions like Jharkhand. This study evaluates the socio-economic dimensions of eco-tourism in the state, with a specific focus on employment stability, regional growth and gendered participation rates. Utilizing a secondary-data framework and a longitudinal analysis of state-wide data over the last decade, the research examines the sector's developmental impact through institutional reports, labor force surveys and economic indicators. The findings reveal a statistically significant positive correlation between expanding eco-tourism infrastructure and state-level non-farm revenue, which now accounts for 43.4% of the Gross State Value Added (GSVA). Regional clusters such as Ranchi and Ramgarh demonstrate a structural shift toward service-based economies, driven by high-footfall sites like Patratu Valley and Hundru Falls. However, critical challenges persist; approximately 79% of tourism-linked employment is seasonal or informal, offering limited year-round stability. Furthermore, a stark gender gap exists, with women’s participation restricted to 28% and concentrated in low-return vending roles. The study underscores the need for policy interventions that prioritize off-season tourism products, targeted skill development for women through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and formalized community-based governance.