Wisdom Vortex: International Journal of Social Science and Humanities
Wisdom Vortex is an international open-access, peer-reviewed journal publishing multidisciplinary research in social sciences and humanities, aiming to promote global academic exchange and knowledge sharing.
Shodhmitra Education and Research, Ranchi
Authors publishing in Wisdom Vortex: International Journal of Social Science and Humanities retain full copyright and grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, distribute, and archive their work in print and electronic formats. Authors may share or reuse their work with proper citation to the original publication in this journal. All works are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), allowing sharing, adaptation, and commercial use with proper attribution. Full copyright and licensing terms are available at Policies section.
Historiography: An Analysis of How History is Written and Interpreted
Historiography refers to the study of how history is written, interpreted, and constructed by historians across different periods. It goes beyond the simple recording of past events and focuses on the methods, perspectives, and ideological frameworks that shape historical narratives. This paper examines the evolution of historiography from ancient narrative traditions to modern scientific approaches and postmodern critiques, highlighting how the understanding and interpretation of history have transformed over time. It also discusses major schools of historiography, including positivist, Marxist, subaltern, and feminist perspectives, each of which offers a distinct framework for analyzing the past and emphasizes different aspects of historical reality. Furthermore, the study explores key factors that influence historical interpretation, such as bias, culture, political ideology, and the availability and limitations of sources. Through selected case studies like the Revolt of 1857, the French Revolution, World War I, and the Industrial Revolution, the paper demonstrates how the same historical events can generate multiple and often conflicting interpretations. Overall, this research emphasizes that history is not a fixed or absolute truth but a dynamic and continuously evolving process of interpretation shaped by context, perspective, and methodological choices of historians.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. A. K. Mohanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-Economic Dimensions of Eco-Tourism in Jharkhand: An Analysis of Employment Trends and Regional Growth
Eco-tourism is increasingly promoted as a sustainable livelihood strategy for economically marginalized yet ecologically rich regions like Jharkhand. This study evaluates the socio-economic dimensions of eco-tourism in the state, with a specific focus on employment stability, regional growth and gendered participation rates. Utilizing a secondary-data framework and a longitudinal analysis of state-wide data over the last decade, the research examines the sector's developmental impact through institutional reports, labor force surveys and economic indicators. The findings reveal a statistically significant positive correlation between expanding eco-tourism infrastructure and state-level non-farm revenue, which now accounts for 43.4% of the Gross State Value Added (GSVA). Regional clusters such as Ranchi and Ramgarh demonstrate a structural shift toward service-based economies, driven by high-footfall sites like Patratu Valley and Hundru Falls. However, critical challenges persist; approximately 79% of tourism-linked employment is seasonal or informal, offering limited year-round stability. Furthermore, a stark gender gap exists, with women’s participation restricted to 28% and concentrated in low-return vending roles. The study underscores the need for policy interventions that prioritize off-season tourism products, targeted skill development for women through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and formalized community-based governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. K. Bhagat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Grey Divorce Phenomenon: A Systematic Review of Loneliness and Psychological Well-being in Indian and Global Contexts
This systematic review looks at the phenomenon of “Grey Divorce” or dissolution of marriage after age 50, within the global and Indian socio-cultural context. For a long time, it has been documented in the Western literature that late-life divorce leads to emotional loneliness. The paper attempts to study the case of the Indian seniors who emerge out from ‘sacramental’ to more ‘individualized’ aging. A review of the recent empirical data, particularly the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), identifies the critical “Empty Nest Catalyst which turns latent attachment crises due to the decoupling of domestic roles harnessed to children. The results point to a “relational displacement” in India. Here, the divorced woman suffers from a more serious loss of social identity and their familial “place” compared to her peers from other parts of the world. Thus, this higher risk may contribute to geriatric depression. On the other hand, Digital Social Capital and Identity Reconstruction are identified as crucial buffers for post-traumatic growth. In the conclusion, a recommendation is made that geriatric counselling moves from a mandate or emphasis on ‘reconciliation’ to that of ‘autonomy’ in the sphere of psychology. Further, it highlights the clinical relevance of the divorced old in an ever-evolving world.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. R. Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bharatiya Naari ke Prati Swami Vivekanand ke Vichar
19वीं सदी के उत्तरार्द में जिस समय स्वामी विवेकानंद का जन्म हुआ था उस समय स्त्रियों की दशा अत्यंत दयनीय थी। इसका मुख्य कारण अशिक्षा, बालविवाह पर्दाप्रथा सत्ती प्रथा जैसे प्रचलित कुरीतियों समाज में व्यापक रूप से प्रचलित थे। स्वामी विवेकानंद स्त्री शिक्षा के प्रबल समर्थक थे। स्त्री शिक्षा के विषय में स्वामी विवेकानंद का विचार उदार था उनके लिए स्त्री तथा पुरूष दोनों को शिक्षा के पक्षधर थे। स्वामी विवेकानंद देश के कल्याण के लिए आधी आबादी के लिए शिक्षा को जरूरी मानते थे। वह समस्त भारतवासी में भगवान श्री रामचन्द्र तथा माता सीता के जीवन को आर्दश मानते थे। समस्त बालिका सीता के भव्य आदर्श की आराधना करती है। तथा भारतवर्ष के प्रत्येक स्त्री की यह आकांक्षा है कि वह अपने जीवन को भगवती सीता के समान पवित्र, भक्तिपूर्ण और सर्वसह बनाये। यहाँ तक भारत में कोई गुरू अथवा संत जब किसी स्त्री को आशीर्वाद देते है तो कहते है ‘‘तुम सीताजी के समान बनो’’ और किसी बलिका को आशीर्वाद देते है तब भी यह कहते है कि सीता का अनुकरण करो। भगवती सीता जी को पद-पद पर यातनाएँ तथा कष्ट मिलते रहे परन्तु उनके मुख से रामचन्द्र के प्रति एक भी कठोर शब्द नहीं निकाले। वह सभी विपतियों और कष्टो का वे कर्त्तव्य-बुद्धि से स्वागत करती रही तथा उसे भली भाँति निभाती रही है। यही सच्चा भारतीय आदर्श है। स्त्री हमेशा से ही पारिवारिक, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक व्यवस्थाओं समाज में महिलाओं की स्थिति जितनी सशक्त तथा प्रभावशाली होना चाहिए वह अभी भी पूर्ण रूप से नही हो पाया है। भारतीय संविधान में भी महिलाओं को पुरूष के समान अधिकार दिये गये है। फिर भी उनका शोषण किया जाता है। आज हम भले ही 21वीं सदी में पहुँच गए है लेकिन स्त्रियों के प्रति हमारी मानसिकता आज भी पुरानी ही रह गई है। इस शोध में स्वामी विवेकानंद भारतीय नारी के प्रति अपने विचार को प्रस्तुत किये है क्योंकि स्वामी विवेकानंद राष्ट्र के प्रगति में महिलाओं की उपयोगिता को महत्त्वपूर्ण मानते है उनका कहना है कि हमें महिलाओं की ऐसी अवस्था में ला देना है कि वह अपनी समस्याओं को अपने अनुसार स्वयं सुलझा सके। जो समाज के उत्थान तथा कल्याण में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सके।
Copyright (c) 2026 V. K. Yadav, Dr. S. Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sleep Inequality & The 24/7 Capitalist Body: A Sociological Review of Rest, Power & Time Discipline
Sleep is biologically universal but profoundly socially stratified. This critical narrative review interrogates how late capitalist time regimes structurally produce, legitimize, and medicalize sleep inequality. Moving beyond biomedical individualism, the analysis integrates Marxist political economy, Foucauldian biopolitics, critical time sociology, and intersectional frameworks to position rest as a contested site of power and social reproduction. Synthesizing contemporary interdisciplinary scholarship from 2000 to 2026, the review traces how algorithmic scheduling, digital tethering, and just-in-time labor erode temporal autonomy, particularly for marginalized workers bearing intersecting structural class, race, and gender burdens. The paper introduces temporal extraction as a mid-range concept to explain how capital systematically appropriates non-work hours and circadian stability, transforming biological necessity into a depleted resource. Despite growing wellness commodification, structural determinants of sleep deprivation remain under-theorized, while resistance and collective temporal sovereignty are marginalized in extant literature. The review concludes by advocating for binding labor protections, participatory scheduling, and rest-positive institutional cultures. By reframing sleep as a cornerstone of temporal justice, this critical analysis provides sociologists and policymakers with a diagnostic lens to dismantle twenty-four-seven exploitation and reclaim rest as a fundamental democratic right.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. K. Roychoudhury (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ranchi ke Peri-urban Kshetron me Bhumi Rupantaran aur Khadya Suraksha ka Bhaugolik Adhyayan: Ek Vistrit Sahitya Samiksha
प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र राँची नगर निगम (RMC) क्षेत्र में पिछले एक दशक (2014-2024) के दौरान हुए तीव्र शहरीकरण, भूमि उपयोग परिवर्तन (LULC) और उनके परिणामस्वरूप उत्पन्न तापीय विसंगतियों का एक व्यापक समीक्षात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है । अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि कैसे राँची के पेरी-अर्बन क्षेत्रों में कृषि भूमि का कंक्रीट सतहों में रूपांतरण स्थानीय खाद्य सुरक्षा और सूक्ष्म-जलवायु (Micro-climate) को प्रभावित कर रहा है । यह शोध 'व्यवस्थित साहित्य समीक्षा' और पूर्व प्रकाशित भू-स्थानिक आंकड़ों के मेटा-एनालिसिस पर आधारित है । विश्लेषण से प्राप्त परिणाम यह दर्शाते हैं कि राँची में निर्मित क्षेत्र (Built-up Area) में लगभग 15.7% की वृद्धि हुई है, जबकि कृषि भूमि में 10.7% की गिरावट दर्ज की गई है । इस भौतिक रूपांतरण के कारण शहर के औसत सतह तापमान (LST) में 3°C से 4°C तक की वृद्धि हुई है, जो राँची को एक 'शहरी ऊष्मा द्वीप' (Urban Heat Island) में तब्दील कर रहा है । शोध यह स्पष्ट करता है कि वनस्पति सूचकांक (NDVI) और तापमान (LST) के बीच एक गहरा नकारात्मक सह-संबंध विद्यमान है । निष्कर्षतः, यह अध्ययन राँची की सुखद जलवायु को अक्षुण्ण रखने के लिए 'ब्लू-ग्रीन इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर' के एकीकरण और सतत शहरी नियोजन की अनिवार्य आवश्यकता पर बल देता है । यह समीक्षा भविष्य के नीति-निर्माताओं के लिए राँची को 'हीट रेजिलिएंट' शहर बनाने हेतु एक आधारभूत दस्तावेज के रूप में सहायक सिद्ध होगी ।
Copyright (c) 2026 B. Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Enabling Environment for Tribal Women Artists in Eastern India: A Comparative Analysis of Socio-Economic Indicators in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha
Tribal women in eastern India are key custodians of indigenous art forms such as Sohrai-Khovar (Jharkhand), Dhokra metal craft (Chhattisgarh), and Saura painting (Odisha). Yet their socio-economic empowerment remains uneven across states. Using secondary data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21), this study compares the welfare of Scheduled Tribe (ST) women in nine districts recognized as hubs of tribal art across Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. Focusing on education, asset ownership, financial inclusion, and decision-making autonomy, the analysis reveals consistent inter-state disparities. Odisha outperforms both Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh across nearly all indicators: ST women in Odisha exhibit higher literacy (64.7% vs. 58.2% and 52.1%), greater bank account ownership (71.2% vs. 63.8% and 59.4%), and stronger participation in household decisions (67.4% in healthcare choices). In contrast, Jharkhand shows moderate digital access but lags in sanitation and agency, while Chhattisgarh excels in toilet coverage yet trails in human capital. These findings suggest that cultural skill alone is insufficient for economic empowerment; structural enablers—such as education, financial infrastructure, and collective institutions like SHGs—are critical. The paper argues that Jharkhand can strengthen its Tribal Women Artist Cooperatives (TWACs) by integrating them with livelihood missions, expanding digital literacy, and institutionalizing women’s leadership. By linking cultural heritage to measurable development outcomes, this study offers evidence-based pathways for inclusive policy design in India’s tribal heartland.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ashirwad Minz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI and Machine Learning in Geospatial Analysis: Advances, Biases, and Future Directions (2020–2026)
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into geospatial analysis (2020–2026) has transformed spatial research through cloud computing, advanced deep learning architectures, and foundation models. Yet, technical progress frequently outpaces critical evaluation of spatial validity, equity, and reproducibility. This review synthesizes contemporary GeoAI developments using a PRISMA-guided scoping framework and critical narrative analysis. We examine paradigm shifts from rule-based statistics to self-supervised learning, map domain-specific applications across environmental, urban, and human geography, and interrogate systemic challenges including spatial sampling bias, algorithmic opacity, and commercial data monopolies. Findings reveal that while predictive accuracy has improved dramatically, models often fail to capture place-based context, scale dependencies, and socio-political data realities. We advocate for standardized geospatial benchmarks, transparent validation protocols, hybrid process-AI frameworks, and participatory governance to mitigate geographic inequities. Ultimately, responsible GeoAI requires sustained interdisciplinary collaboration that aligns computational innovation with rigorous spatial theory, ethical data stewardship, and actionable policy implementation globally.
Copyright (c) 2026 R. S. Daniel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study of Out- of-Pocket Expenditure on Schooling for Scheduled Tribes (ST) vs. General Category Households in Four Cities of Jharkhand
This study investigates the socioeconomic disparities in educational investment by examining the Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) on schooling between Scheduled Tribe (ST) and General Category households in the urban centers of Jharkhand, specifically Ranchi, Sahebganj, Dumka, and Chaibasa. Despite the legal mandate of the Right to Education Act of 2009, "free education" often remains a conceptual ideal due to the significant financial burden of direct and indirect costs borne by households. Utilizing secondary data from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 75th Round (2017- 18), the research employs a quantitative and comparative design to analyze fiscal disparities. The findings reveal a stark contrast in absolute spending; General Category households spend nearly three times more (₹18,920) annually per student than ST households (₹6,450). An Independent Samples T-test confirms this difference is statistically significant, t(498) = 8.42, p < .001. Critically, the study identifies a "non-fee trap" for tribal families, where 42% of their educational budget is consumed by "hidden costs" such as books, stationery, and uniforms. Additionally, a pervasive "coaching culture" exists across both groups, with ST households spending approximately 25% of their budget on private tuitions. The paper concludes that achieving educational equity requires policy interventions beyond fee waivers, specifically recommending the universalization of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for non-fee items and the establishment of community-based remedial centers to alleviate the regressive financial burden on tribal households.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. L. Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolution and Current Status of Digital Payment Systems in India: A Decade after the 2016 Indian Demonetization
The rapid growth of digital payment systems has significantly transformed the financial transaction landscape in India over the past decade. This study examines the evolution and current status of digital payment systems in India in the decade following the 2016 Indian Demonetisation. The study is based on secondary data obtained from the Monthly Payment System Indicators published by the Reserve Bank of India. Monthly transaction data for the year 2025 have been analysed to assess the value and trends of major digital payment systems such as Unified Payments Interface (UPI), credit cards, and debit cards. The analysis is primarily descriptive and focuses on identifying patterns in digital payment transactions across different months. The findings indicate that UPI has emerged as the most dominant digital payment platform in India, accounting for a substantial share of total digital transactions. The consistently high volume and value of digital payments reflect the increasing adoption of electronic payment methods and highlight the continued expansion of India’s digital payment ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Right to Privacy after Puttaswamy Judgment: A Review of Legal Developments
The Right to Privacy is a fundamental aspect of human dignity, liberty, and autonomy. In India, its legal status was unclear until the landmark Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) judgment, which recognized privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 and linked it with Articles 14 and 19. This review examines post-Puttaswamy legal developments, including judicial interpretations, legislative responses, and data protection initiatives. Using doctrinal analysis of constitutional provisions, cases, statutes, and scholarship, the study finds that the judgment significantly expanded individual rights and influenced subsequent decisions. However, balancing state interests with personal privacy remains a challenge. The article concludes that ongoing judicial oversight and legislative refinement are crucial to safeguarding privacy, especially in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mayank Srivastava (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Tension Between Human Rights and National Security in India: A Critical Review
India, as the world’s largest democracy, enshrines robust fundamental rights in its Constitution, yet frequently curtails them in the name of national security. This paper offers a critical review of the persistent tension between human rights and security imperatives in the Indian context. It examines how legislative frameworks— particularly the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) coupled with the National Register of Citizens (NRC)—have been used to justify prolonged detentions, extrajudicial actions, and systemic discrimination, especially against marginalized communities in Kashmir, the Northeast, and among religious minorities. While the state invokes sovereignty and internal threats to legitimize these measures, this review argues that such laws often function less as tools of counter-terrorism and more as instruments of political control and social exclusion. The judiciary’s inconsistent stance—progressive in theory but deferential in practice—further enables executive overreach. International human rights bodies have repeatedly flagged India’s declining civic freedoms, yet the government rejects external scrutiny under the banner of sovereignty. Drawing on legal judgments, policy documents, and scholarly critiques, this paper contends that sustainable security cannot be achieved through the suspension of rights but must be rooted in constitutional morality, accountability, and inclusion. In an era of rising authoritarianism and shrinking democratic space, reconciling security with human dignity remains India’s most urgent democratic challenge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. P. Paul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chhayawad ki Virasat: Hindi Kavya me Bhawanatmak Gehrai ka Samikshatmak Vishleshan
हिंदी साहित्य के इतिहास में छायावाद एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण युग है, जिसने काव्य को बाह्य वास्तविकता से उठाकर आंतरिक भाव-भूमि की ओर मोड़ दिया। यह लेख छायावादी काव्य में निहित भावनात्मक गहराई का समीक्षात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है और यह दर्शाता है कि कैसे जयशंकर प्रसाद, सुमित्रानंदन पंत, महादेवी वर्मा एवं निराला जैसे चार प्रमुख कवियों ने व्यक्तिगत दुख, प्रकृति-चेतना, आध्यात्मिक खोज और स्त्री-अस्तित्व जैसे विषयों को काव्य का केंद्र बनाकर हिंदी काव्य को एक नई दिशा दी। छायावाद ने न केवल भावनाओं को केंद्र में रखा, बल्कि उन्हें प्रतीकों, मुक्त छंद और नवीन भाषिक अभिव्यक्ति के माध्यम से अभिव्यक्त किया। यह आंदोलन पश्चिमी रोमांटिकता से प्रभावित अवश्य था, किंतु भारतीय अध्यात्म, अद्वैत दर्शन और भक्ति परंपरा के साथ उसका एक अद्वितीय सांस्कृतिक संवाद हुआ। लेख में छायावाद के मनोवैज्ञानिक आयामों—जैसे अवचेतन, आनिमा और अस्तित्वगत द्वंद्व—को भी उजागर किया गया है। साथ ही, महादेवी वर्मा के माध्यम से उभरती स्त्री-चेतना का लैंगिक विश्लेषण किया गया है, जो छायावाद को केवल भावुकता से ऊपर उठाकर एक सामाजिक-दार्शनिक आंदोलन के रूप में स्थापित करता है। यद्यपि प्रगतिवादियों ने छायावाद पर "अति-व्यक्तिवाद" और "सामाजिक विमुखता" का आरोप लगाया, तथापि यह लेख तर्क देता है कि आंतरिक वास्तविकता का चित्रण भी सामाजिक परिवर्तन का एक अभिन्न अंग है। आज के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य और अस्तित्वगत तनाव से ग्रस्त युग में छायावाद की भावनात्मक गहराई अत्यंत प्रासंगिक है। यह लेख निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि छायावाद केवल एक साहित्यिक धारा नहीं, बल्कि मानवीय भावनाओं की अमर विरासत है, जो आज भी हिंदी काव्य की धड़कन बनी हुई है।
Copyright (c) 2026 P. Mishra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Museums, Repatriation, and the Politics of Belonging: Decolonizing Anthropological Collections
For over a century, museums in Europe and North America have housed vast collections of human remains, sacred objects, and cultural artifacts acquired during colonial expansion. Long celebrated as repositories of “universal knowledge,” these institutions are now at the center of urgent global debates about justice, memory, and belonging. This review examines the growing movement to decolonize anthropological collections through repatriation—the return of cultural heritage to Indigenous and formerly colonized communities. Drawing on key case studies, legal frameworks, and critical scholarship, the article explores the ethical imperatives, political tensions, and transformative possibilities inherent in this process. It argues that repatriation is not merely about returning objects, but about restoring relationships, acknowledging historical violence, and reimagining museums as sites of repair rather than possession.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. S. Prajapati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cash, Credit and Crops: Assessing the Impact of PM-KISAN on Farm Household Financial Resilience
This study assesses the impact of India's Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme on farm household financial resilience, conceptualized across three pillars: consumption smoothing, indebtedness management, and productive investment. Utilizing nationally representative secondary data from the National Statistical Office's Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households (2021) and NABARD's All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (2021- 22), the analysis employs a comparative descriptive framework. Findings indicate that PM-KISAN funds are predominantly utilized for household consumption (68% of beneficiaries) and loan repayment (49%), playing a significant role in short-term stability. However, only 24% of households report using the transfer for agricultural inputs, primarily on recurrent expenditures rather than long-term capital assets. The annual transfer of ₹6,000 is found to be effective as a liquidity tool for debt servicing but is insufficient to structurally reduce debt burdens or catalyze transformative investment. The paper concludes that while PM-KISAN functions effectively as a social protection mechanism that enhances immediate consumption resilience, its design limits its capacity to build long-term productive resilience. To bridge this gap, the study recommends integrated policy measures, including "PM-KISAN Plus" co-payment models for specific investments, convergence with formal credit channels and scaled transfers based on vulnerability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. S. Kumar, A. K. Bhagat, A. Minz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Language, Emotion, and Belonging: Does Medium of Instruction Moderate the Link Between Emotional Awareness and Social Adjustment?
Adolescence is a pivotal developmental phase wherein language functions not only as a medium of instruction but also as a critical scaffold for emotional expression and social identity. In the Indian context, the choice between Hindi and English as the medium of instruction (MoI) reflects deeper sociocultural dynamics that may shape how adolescents understand and regulate their emotions. This study investigates whether MoI moderates the relationship between emotional awareness and social adjustment among 80 adolescents (aged 14–19) from Hindi- and English-medium schools in Ranchi, Jharkhand. Using the Clarity subscale of the Hindi-adapted Trait Meta-Mood Scale (Singh & Sharma, 2013) and relevant dimensions of Mathur’s (1999) Social Intelligence Scale, data were collected via stratified random sampling and analyzed using independent samples t-tests and Pearson correlations. Results revealed that Hindi- medium students scored significantly higher than English-medium peers on both emotional awareness (M = 38.60 vs. 35.40, p = 0.006) and social adjustment (M = 76.20 vs. 72.10, p = 0.023). Girls also reported higher levels on both variables compared to boys (p < 0.05). Importantly, the correlation between emotional awareness and social adjustment was stronger among Hindi-medium students (r = 0.61) than English-medium students (r = 0.41), suggesting MoI moderates this link. These findings support the linguistic congruence hypothesis and highlight the role of native-language education in fostering socio-emotional well-being. The study underscores the need for culturally and linguistically responsive mental health frameworks in Indian schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. Kabiraj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Female Secondary Education Completion on the Age of Marriage
This study examines the critical relationship between female secondary education completion and the age at first marriage in Jharkhand, India, utilizing cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21). Despite legal frameworks aimed at curbing child marriage, social norms continue to drive early unions in many parts of India. The research employs a quantitative and correlational design to analyze a state-level subsample of women aged 20–24. The findings reveal a stark "education gap"; women with no formal schooling in Jharkhand are three times more likely (56.4%) to marry before the age of 18 compared to those who completed 10 or more years of education (18.2%). Correlation analysis demonstrates a robust positive relationship (r = 0.78) between years of schooling and marriage timing. Furthermore, while secondary education serves as a threshold for preventing child marriage, the data indicates that Higher Secondary education (12+ years) is the primary driver for delaying marriage until the mid-20s, with only 22.8% of highly educated women marrying by age 21. The study concludes that educational attainment is a definitive determinant of marriage age, functioning as a "social vaccine" that provides women with the agency to negotiate life choices. Policy recommendations focus on incentivizing the transition from Grade 10 to 12 and improving rural educational infrastructure to align with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the proposed legal marriage age of 21.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Leena Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Subjective Well-being (SWB) among School and College Teachers: A Comparative Study
Teachers are the important guides of human being. That's why it is very important that they remain mentally and physically healthy. In this study, an attempt has been made to measure the Subjective Well-being of the teachers working in different Schools and Colleges of Ranchi district. It was aimed to measure the Subjective Well- being of the teachers and to see the difference in levels of Subjective Well-being between male and female as well as between the teachers working in Schools and Colleges. The study also aimed to see the impact of gender and institutional affiliation on Subjective Well-being. Data were collected using Personal Data Questionnaire and Subjective Well-being Inventory (Thakur, G. P. and Singh, R. N. 2005) from 50 male and 50 female teachers of various schools and colleges. A 2X2 factorial design was adopted and stratification was made on the basis of gender and institutional affiliation for this study. Statistical techniques, such as Mean, SD, t-ratio and ANOVA were applied for the analysis of the data. The results revealed that all the teachers had a high level of Subjective Well- being. The same trend was visible in different sample subgroups and in dimensions-wise scores also. No significant difference was observed between male and female teachers but there existed a significant difference between School teachers and College teachers on Subjective Well-being. ANOVA analysis revealed that gender and institutional affiliation had significant impact on Subjective Well-being, but the interaction of both was found insignificant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. A. Kumari Rakhi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Purpose of present research is to examine the impact gender on the level of stress and adjustment. The sample of the study consisted of two groups (male and female) each group is having 50 students. Students Stress Scale (SSS) and Bell’s Adjustment Inventory (BAI) were used for the measurement of above variables. Research found that girls (158.24) feel more stress than boys (148.83) and also they (girls 46.31) have poor adjustment than boys (43.21).
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Shalini Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empathy and Compassion Fatigue Among Helping Professionals: A Psychological Review
Helping professionals such as doctors, nurses, counselors, social workers, and teachers play a vital role in addressing the emotional and physical needs of others. Their ability to empathize allows them to build trust, provide comfort, and deliver effective care. However, the continuous exposure to the suffering, trauma, and distress of others often leads to emotional exhaustion, known as compassion fatigue. This review explores the complex relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue, examining how excessive emotional involvement can transform empathy from a healing tool into a source of psychological strain. The article synthesizes research findings that highlight empathy’s dual role — as both a strength and a potential vulnerability — among helping professionals. It further discusses contributing factors such as workload, emotional overload, and lack of support, along with preventive strategies including mindfulness, self-care, and organizational support systems. Understanding compassion fatigue is essential for promoting emotional resilience, ensuring well-being, and sustaining compassionate care in professional settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prasad, S. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revisiting Gender Issues in the 21st Century: A Conceptual Analysis of Equality, Identity, and Power Dynamics
The discourse on gender has undergone a remarkable transformation in the 21st century, extending beyond biological determinism to encompass social construction, cultural interpretation, and political negotiation. While global movements and institutional reforms have advanced equality, deep-rooted patriarchal ideologies, cultural stereotypes, and structural hierarchies continue to shape gender relations. This conceptual paper examines contemporary gender issues through the integrated lenses of equality, identity, and power. It highlights the evolving nature of gender discourse across societies, exploring how globalization, digital media, and intersectionality have redefined traditional gender paradigms. Drawing from feminist theories, queer perspectives, and sociocultural frameworks, the study explores the persistence of gender gaps, gender-based violence, workplace discrimination, and digital activism. The analysis emphasizes that achieving genuine gender equality demands not only policy-level reform but also a transformation in social attitudes and cultural norms. By revisiting foundational concepts and integrating new insights, this paper contributes to a broader understanding of the multifaceted dynamics of gender in the contemporary world and calls for inclusive, intersectional, and participatory approaches to empowerment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dawson, E. R. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The British Rule in India: A Critical Analysis of Its Socio-Economic and Cultural Impacts
The British rule in India, extending from 1757 to 1947, represented one of the most significant and transformative episodes in colonial history. This paper critically examines the complex legacy of British colonialism—its structural innovations in administration, education, and infrastructure, as well as its exploitative economic and cultural dimensions. Using a historical-analytical approach, the article explores how British policies reshaped India’s agrarian economy, disrupted indigenous industries, and created new social hierarchies while also introducing institutions that later became foundations for democratic governance and intellectual reform. The analysis reveals that British colonialism was driven by imperial interests rather than altruistic motives, yet it inadvertently stimulated modernization, political consciousness, and the emergence of nationalist movements. The British established railways, universities, and legal codes that facilitated governance but simultaneously drained India’s wealth and entrenched dependency (Kamdar, 2018; Peabody, 2012). This dual character of the Raj—as both a system of domination and a catalyst for transformation—defines its enduring ambivalence. The study concludes that while colonial rule crippled India’s economic autonomy and social cohesion, it also sowed the seeds of its intellectual awakening and political unification. Understanding this paradox is crucial for interpreting the long-term trajectories of India’s postcolonial development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kashyap, N. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Karpoori Thakur ke Samajwadi Chintan me Maatrisatta, Samajik Nyay aur Samaveshi Vikas: Bihar ki Samajik-Rajnitik Sanrachna ka Punarpath
यह शोधपत्र कर्पूरी ठाकुर के समाजवादी चिंतन में निहित मातृसत्तात्मक मूल्य, सामाजिक न्याय और समावेशी विकास की अवधारणाओं का गहन विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। कर्पूरी ठाकुर ने राजनीति को सत्ता प्राप्ति का माध्यम नहीं, बल्कि समाजसेवा और नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व का साधन माना। उनके समाजवादी विचारों में मातृसत्ता केवल स्त्रियों की भूमिका का प्रतीक नहीं, बल्कि करुणा, सहयोग, संवेदनशीलता और समानता पर आधारित शासन दर्शन का प्रतीक है। 1978 की आरक्षण नीति, निःशुल्क शिक्षा और विकेंद्रीकृत शासन जैसी नीतियाँ उनके उस दृष्टिकोण को मूर्त रूप देती हैं, जिसमें समाज के वंचित वर्गों, दलितों, पिछड़ों और महिलाओं को समान भागीदारी का अवसर प्राप्त हुआ। बिहार की लोकसंस्कृति, पर्व-त्योहार और ग्राम परंपराओं से प्रेरित उनके विचार लोकतंत्र को नैतिकता और जनसहभागिता से जोड़ते हैं। ठाकुर का मानना था कि सच्चा लोकतंत्र वही है जिसमें निर्णय प्रक्रिया में समाज के प्रत्येक वर्ग की आवाज शामिल हो। इस अध्ययन में मातृसत्ता को शासन के मानवीय और संवेदनशील स्वरूप के रूप में देखा गया है, जो समावेशी विकास की दिशा में आवश्यक नैतिक आधर प्रदान करती है। निष्कर्षतः, कर्पूरी ठाकुर का समाजवादी चिंतन भारतीय लोकतंत्र के उस मानवीय स्वरूप की पुनर्स्थापना करता है, जहाँ सत्ता का उद्देश्य करुणा, समानता और सामाजिक एकता की स्थापना है।
Copyright (c) 2025 Bhagat, A. K. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gramin Shiksha ki Gunwatta aur Chunautiyan
यह लेख ग्रामीण शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता, उसकी चुनौतियों और सुधार की संभावनाओं का समग्र विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। ग्रामीण शिक्षा केवल विद्यालयों की संख्या तक सीमित न होकर, यह उस सामाजिक-आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक और तकनीकी परिप्रेक्ष्य से जुड़ी है जिसमें ग्रामीण बच्चे सीखते और विकसित होते हैं। अध्ययन में यह पाया गया कि भारत में ग्रामीण शिक्षा की स्थिति यद्यपि नामांकन और साक्षरता दर के मामले में बेहतर हुई है, फिर भी गुणवत्ता, शिक्षक उपलब्धता, डिजिटल पहुँच और सामाजिक समानता के क्षेत्रों में गंभीर अंतर विद्यमान हैं। प्रमुख अवरोधों में अपर्याप्त अवसंरचना, प्रशिक्षित शिक्षकों की कमी, पारंपरिक शिक्षण विधियाँ, डिजिटल डिवाइड, गरीबी, बाल श्रम, लैंगिक असमानता और अभिभावक सहभागिता की कमी शामिल हैं। लेख में विभिन्न सरकारी योजनाओं—जैसे सर्व शिक्षा अभियान, समग्र शिक्षा अभियान और मध्याह्न भोजन योजना—के प्रभाव का मूल्यांकन किया गया है, साथ ही सफल मॉडलों जैसे सामुदायिक भागीदारी, डिजिटल नवाचार और पंचायत-आधारित शिक्षा प्रबंधन को प्रभावी उपायों के रूप में रेखांकित किया गया है। अध्ययन यह सुझाव देता है कि ग्रामीण शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता बढ़ाने के लिए अवसंरचना सुदृढ़ीकरण, शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण, डिजिटल सशक्तिकरण और नीति-क्रियान्वयन की निगरानी आवश्यक है। इसके अतिरिक्त, क्षेत्रीय शोध और तुलनात्मक अध्ययनों के माध्यम से स्थानीय आवश्यकताओं के अनुरूप नीति बनाना भविष्य की प्राथमिकता होनी चाहिए। इस प्रकार, ग्रामीण शिक्षा में सुधार केवल शैक्षिक प्रगति ही नहीं, बल्कि सामाजिक समावेशन और आर्थिक विकास का भी प्रमुख आधार बन सकता है।
Copyright (c) 2025 Chourasia, K. P. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Coastal Erosion and Sea-Level Rise in India: Causes, Consequences, and Sustainable Management Approaches
India’s extensive coastline, stretching over 7,500 kilometers, is facing increasing threats from coastal erosion and rising sea levels, primarily driven by climate change and unsustainable human activities. This review aims to analyze the major causes, environmental and socio-economic consequences, and potential policy responses to these challenges. Coastal erosion results from both natural processes such as wave dynamics, storms, and tectonic shifts, as well as anthropogenic factors including sand mining, infrastructure development, and mangrove destruction. The rising sea level further intensifies shoreline retreat, saltwater intrusion, and habitat loss. These changes not only endanger coastal ecosystems but also jeopardize livelihoods, tourism, and cultural heritage. The study emphasizes the urgent need for integrated coastal zone management, technological monitoring, and community-based adaptation strategies. Sustainable development, coupled with scientific and policy interventions, is essential to mitigate the long-term impacts on India’s coastal regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Stress on Parenting Style of Parents Child with Intellectual Disability in Odisha
Parenting a child with intellectual disability often imposes significant psychological and emotional strain on parents, influencing both their well-being and their parenting practices. The present study examined the impact of parental stress on parenting styles among parents of children with intellectual disability in Odisha. A total of 80 parents (40 fathers and 40 mothers) were recruited from special schools in Bhadrak, Keonjhar, and Mayurbhanj districts using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995) and the Perceived Parenting Style Scale (Divya & Manikandan, 2013). Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square tests. Results revealed significant variation in stress across parenting styles: parents with an authoritative style reported lower stress, while authoritarian and permissive parents showed higher stress. Gender differences indicated that mothers experienced higher stress than fathers, though the difference was marginally significant. Stress levels were also strongly associated with parenting styles, with authoritative parents concentrated in the low-stress group. These findings underscore the importance of supporting parents through stress-management programs and promoting adaptive parenting approaches, particularly in sociocultural contexts like Odisha.
Copyright (c) 2025 K. Jit, Dr. M. P. Hassan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Parenting Style on Academic Achievement Motivation among College Student of Ranchi District
The present study aimed at exploring the impact of parenting style on academic achievement motivation among college students of Ranchi District. The main objective of this research was to study the impact of parenting style (restrictive and permissive parenting style) on academic achievement motivation. 200 samples were selected for this study, by random sampling technique. Three dimensional parental behaviors (TDPBI) of Ojha, H. & Academic achievement motivation test (AAMT) of Sharma, T.R. used as tools for data collection. 2x2 factorial design was used for the study in which there were 4 strata. Each stratum consisted of 50 cases. Result showed that student who received restrictive parenting style had high academic achievement motivation whereas student who received permissive parenting Style had low academic achievement motivation. On the other hand, Hindu college student’s reported high academic achievement motivation whereas Muslim college student reported low academic achievement motivation. As conclusion we can say that students who received high restrictive parenting style had higher academic achievement motivation than students who received permissive parenting style.
Copyright (c) 2025 S. Perween, Dr. M. P. Hassan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jharkhand ke Adivasi Sanskriti Ewam Adiwasiyatata par Sankat ke Baadal
आदिवासी समाज में आदिवासियता के हर पहलूओं का चिंतन मनन किया गया है। आदिवासियों के संस्कृति, कला, भाषा एवं जल, जंगल, जमीन आदिवासियतता की अपनी पहचान है। पर वर्तमान युग में शासकों की गुलामी, सरकारी नीति, धर्म परिवर्तन, अधिग्रहण, विस्थापन व आधुनिक विदेशी शिक्षा में हमारी आदिवासियतता को काफी हद तक नुकसान पहुंचाया है। कहना चाहिए कि हमारी आदिवासी संस्कृति पर संकट के बादल छाये हुए हैं। हमारे पुरखों ने जो जीवन दर्शन तय किया था जो मान्यता स्वीकार की थी वह खंडित होता जा रहा है। हम अपनी मातृभाषाओं से दूर बहुत दूर भाग रहे हैं। आदिवासियों में जागृति की कमी होती जा रही है। इसका नतीजा यह हो रहा है कि हमारे पास न मातृभाषा बच पा रही है और न हमारी सर्वोत्तम समस्त संस्कृति। अपनी आदिवासियता की रक्षा के लिए एवं इस खतरे के बादल से उबरने के लिए उस पर चर्चा करना समीचीन होगा। हमारी अखरा धूमकुड़िया आदि की संस्कृति समाप्त होती जा रही है। आवश्यकता है इस अखरा संस्कृति को बचाने की। तभी हम आदिवासियों की आदिवासियतता को बचा पाएंगे। वर्तमान में इसे बचाना और बनाना ही हम आदिवासियों की सबसे बड़ी चुनौती है।
Copyright (c) 2025 R. G. Kujur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Gaslight Effect: Emotional Manipulation and Cognitive Dissonance in Close Relationships
The present study aims to examine the psychological impact of gaslighting behavior on emotional manipulation and cognitive dissonance in intimate relationships. Gaslighting, a subtle form of emotional abuse, involves manipulation that causes victims to question their perceptions, emotions, and memories. A sample of 80 individuals who had experienced close romantic relationships was selected through purposive sampling. Three tools were used: the Gaslighting Behavior Inventory (GBI), the Emotional Manipulation Scale (EMS), and the Cognitive Dissonance Scale (CDS). Based on GBI scores, participants were categorized into high and low gaslighting behavior groups. Independent samples t-tests were applied to analyze the data. Results revealed that individuals with high gaslighting behavior scored significantly higher in emotional manipulation (M = 41.05) and cognitive dissonance (M = 35.30) compared to those with low gaslighting behavior (M = 33.75 and M = 28.40, respectively). The findings were statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The study concludes that gaslighting is strongly associated with increased emotional manipulation and psychological discomfort in intimate relationships.
Copyright (c) 2025 A. Kabiraj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trends in Infant Mortality Rate in Jharkhand: A Comparative Study with Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and India (2006–2020)
This study examines the trends in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Jharkhand from 2006 to 2020, using data compiled in the National Health Profile (NHP) based on Sample Registration System (SRS) estimates. The analysis focuses on both total and gender-wise IMR, with a two-level comparison: first, between Jharkhand and the national average, and second, with Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand—states that were formed in the same year, 2000. The findings reveal significant progress in Jharkhand’s IMR reduction, with performance gradually surpassing the national average in recent years, particularly in male and total IMR. The study also highlights regional disparities and narrowing gender gap, offering insights into child health outcomes and the effectiveness of public health delivery across the selected states.
Copyright (c) 2025 S. Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0