Wisdom Vortex: International Journal of Social Science and Humanities
Wisdom Vortex is an international open-access, peer-reviewed journal publishing multidisciplinary research in social sciences and humanities, aiming to promote global academic exchange and knowledge sharing.
Shodhmitra Education and Research, Ranchi
Authors publishing in Wisdom Vortex: International Journal of Social Science and Humanities retain full copyright and grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, distribute, and archive their work in print and electronic formats. Authors may share or reuse their work with proper citation to the original publication in this journal. All works are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), allowing sharing, adaptation, and commercial use with proper attribution. Full copyright and licensing terms are available at Policies section.
समकालीन भारत में जाति आधारित राजनीति का बदलता स्वरूप: एक विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
भारतीय समाज में जाति व्यवस्था एक प्राचीन एवं महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक संस्था रही है, जिसने सामाजिक संरचना, अवसरों के वितरण तथा राजनीतिक प्रक्रियाओं को गहराई से प्रभावित किया है। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात भारत ने लोकतांत्रिक शासन व्यवस्था को अपनाया, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप विभिन्न सामाजिक समूहों को राजनीतिक भागीदारी और प्रतिनिधित्व के अवसर प्राप्त हुए। इस प्रक्रिया में जाति भारतीय राजनीति का एक प्रमुख आधार बनकर उभरी। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य समकालीन भारत में जाति आधारित राजनीति के बदलते स्वरूप का अध्ययन करना तथा चुनावी राजनीति, राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्व और सामाजिक न्याय के संदर्भ में उसकी भूमिका का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन मुख्यतः द्वितीयक स्रोतों, विद्वानों के विचारों, सरकारी रिपोर्टों, चुनाव आयोग के आँकड़ों, सीएसडीएस–लोकनीति सर्वेक्षणों तथा संसदीय प्रतिनिधित्व संबंधी आंकड़ों पर आधारित है। शोध के निष्कर्षों से स्पष्ट होता है कि भारतीय राजनीति में जाति का महत्व आज भी बना हुआ है, किंतु उसका स्वरूप समय के साथ परिवर्तित हुआ है। जहाँ पहले राजनीति मुख्यतः जातीय वोट बैंक और पहचान आधारित लामबंदी पर केंद्रित थी, वहीं वर्तमान दौर में विकास, कल्याणकारी योजनाएँ, सामाजिक न्याय, राष्ट्रवाद और क्षेत्रीय मुद्दे भी जातीय समीकरणों के साथ जुड़ गए हैं। राजनीतिक दल विभिन्न जातीय समूहों को आकर्षित करने के लिए नई रणनीतियाँ अपनाते हैं तथा उपजातियों को भी राजनीतिक रूप से संगठित करने का प्रयास करते हैं। निष्कर्षतः कहा जा सकता है कि जाति समकालीन भारतीय राजनीति में अब भी एक प्रभावशाली कारक है, परंतु यह विकास और कल्याण की राजनीति के साथ मिलकर अधिक जटिल और बहुआयामी रूप धारण कर चुकी है।
Copyright (c) 2026 Kumari Shruti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A New Direction in Mental Health Care - A Systematic Literature Review
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming mental healthcare by improving the accessibility, personalization, and efficiency of psychological interventions. Among various psychotherapeutic approaches, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as one of the most suitable frameworks for AI integration due to its structured, evidence-based nature. This systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes current evidence on the application of AI in CBT, with particular emphasis on conversational agents, machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and personalized mental health interventions. The review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using peer-reviewed studies retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 that examined AI-assisted CBT interventions for mental health were included. The findings indicate that AI-powered chatbots and intelligent decision-support systems can effectively deliver psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, behavioural activation, and continuous symptom monitoring, leading to improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, and treatment engagement. However, challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, explainability, and the limited ability of AI to establish therapeutic relationships remain significant barriers to widespread clinical implementation. The review concludes that AI should complement rather than replace mental health professionals. Future research should focus on explainable AI, culturally adaptive interventions, long-term clinical evaluation, and ethically responsible deployment of AI-assisted psychotherapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. N. P. Ravikrishnan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Menstrual Poverty and Its Impact on Girls’ Education and Empowerment
Menstrual poverty has emerged as a significant public health, social, and gender equality challenge that affects the health, education, and empowerment of adolescent girls and women worldwide. Despite menstruation being a natural biological process, millions of girls continue to experience barriers due to limited access to affordable menstrual products, inadequate sanitation facilities, insufficient menstrual health knowledge, and persistent social stigma. This review aims to examine the multidimensional nature of menstrual poverty and its influence on girls’ educational participation and women’s empowerment. A systematic literature review approach was adopted by analyzing peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 from major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The review highlights that menstrual poverty negatively affects school attendance, academic performance, psychological well-being, and social participation by creating barriers to safe and dignified menstrual management. Economic constraints, cultural restrictions, limited menstrual education, and poor WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) infrastructure were identified as major determinants of menstrual poverty. The findings further indicate that menstrual-related challenges reduce confidence, restrict decision-making abilities, and limit long-term educational and economic opportunities for women. Sustainable solutions require integrated approaches involving menstrual health education, affordable and environmentally friendly menstrual products, improved sanitation facilities, community awareness, and supportive policy interventions. Addressing menstrual poverty is essential not only for improving menstrual health outcomes but also for achieving gender equality, educational equity, and sustainable empowerment of girls and women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Krithika Prakash (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
राँची जिले में मत्स्य उत्पादन के बदलते स्वरूप का एक दशकीय विश्लेषण (2015-2025): विकास दर और भविष्य की संभावनाएं
यह शोध पत्र राँची जिले में मत्स्य उत्पादन के बदलते स्वरूप का एक दशकीय विश्लेषण (2015-2025) प्रस्तुत करता है । अध्ययन का मुख्य निष्कर्ष यह है कि राँची जिले ने पिछले एक दशक में मत्स्य उत्पादन की मात्रा में लगभग 160% से अधिक की वृद्धि दर्ज की है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप 10.12% की वार्षिक चक्रवृद्धि विकास दर (CAGR) प्राप्त हुई है । यह सकारात्मक परिवर्तन मुख्य रूप से 'प्रधानमंत्री मत्स्य संपदा योजना' (PMMSY) जैसे नीतिगत हस्तक्षेपों और पारंपरिक तालाब पालन से आधुनिक तकनीकों जैसे 'केज कल्चर' और 'बायोफ्लॉक' की ओर सफल तकनीकी संक्रमण का परिणाम है । आर्थिक दृष्टिकोण से, राँची में मत्स्य पालन अत्यंत व्यवहार्य पाया गया है, जिसका लाभ-लागत अनुपात (BCR) 21.4 के उच्च स्तर पर है । हालाँकि, शोध इस ओर भी संकेत करता है कि वर्तमान मॉडल मुख्य रूप से आजीविका और आर्थिक लाभ पर केंद्रित है, जिससे स्थानीय और स्वदेशी प्रजातियों (जैसे महासीर) के संरक्षण की उपेक्षा हो रही है । भविष्य की सफलता के लिए शोध में विपणन अवसंरचना में सुधार, उत्पादन लागत में कमी और पारिस्थितिक संतुलन को नीतियों में शामिल करने का सुझाव दिया गया है ।
Copyright (c) 2026 Nutan Kumari, Dr. J. Pandey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic Impact of Groundwater Depletion on Agricultural Sustainability
Groundwater is a critical resource supporting global agricultural production, food security, and rural livelihoods; however, increasing groundwater depletion has emerged as a major challenge to agricultural sustainability. This review examines the economic impacts of groundwater depletion on agricultural systems by synthesizing existing literature on groundwater use, depletion drivers, economic consequences, sustainability implications, and management strategies. The review highlights that excessive groundwater extraction, climate variability, inefficient irrigation practices, and weak governance contribute to declining aquifer levels and increased water insecurity. Groundwater depletion increases irrigation costs, reduces crop productivity, decreases farm profitability, and threatens rural livelihoods and food security. Furthermore, it creates environmental challenges, including aquifer degradation, land subsidence, and ecosystem disruption. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated groundwater management approaches involving efficient irrigation technologies, groundwater recharge, crop diversification, economic incentives, and effective governance frameworks. Future research should focus on hydro-economic modeling, digital technologies, climate-resilient agriculture, and participatory groundwater governance to enhance agricultural resilience and ensure sustainable groundwater use under increasing climate and resource pressures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. A. Sourav (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
प्राचीन भारत में युद्ध और विश्व शांति पर कौटिल्य के विचारों का ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण
राजनीतिक चिंतन के इतिहास में प्राचीन भारत का प्रमुख स्थान है। प्राचीन काल में हिंदू शासको ने न केवल राज्य की विधि व्यवस्था को सुदृढ़ और सशक्त बनाने का प्रयास किया बल्कि दूसरे राज्यों के साथ शांतिपूर्ण संबंध बनाने के भी नीति अपनाई थी जिसमें विभिन्न प्रकार की कूटनीतियों, संधि, समझौते एवं पर राष्ट्रों के साथ संबंधों की स्थापना की जाती थी। युद्ध का प्रयोग अंतिम शस्त्र के रूप में होता था। चीनी यात्री ह्वेनसांग ने कहा है कि भारत में युद्ध का पूरे देश पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता था। प्राचीन धर्म ग्रंथ एवं स्मृतियां इस बात की साक्षी है कि जब कोई राजा यह अनुभव करता कि उसकी सेना शत्रु राज्यों की अपेक्षा अधिक बलवान और उत्साही है तो वह युद्ध की घोषणा कर देता था। किसी भी देश का राजा अपने साम्राज्य का विस्तार करने हेतु युद्ध का सहारा लेता था परंतु उसका यह अर्थ नहीं है कि प्राचीन काल के चिंतकों ने विभिन्न राज्यों के बीच युद्ध को त्याग कर सद्भावपूर्ण संबंध स्थापित करने और शांति स्थापित करने की ओर ध्यान नहीं दिया। अधिकांश भारतीय चिंतकों ने युद्ध के परित्याग का संदेश दिया और विश्व शांति स्थापित करने के बीज बोए हैं। इस दिशा में भारतीय राजनीतिक चिंतक महर्षि कौटिल्य के विचारों को नकारा नहीं जा सकता है। भारतीय राजनीतिक इतिहास में कौटिल्य विलक्षण प्रतिभाशाली व्यक्ति के रूप में जाने जाते हैं, जिन्होंने अपने प्रसिद्ध ग्रंथ अर्थशास्त्र में विभिन्न राज्यों के बीच परस्परिक संबंध, राजनय , विदेश नीति, कूटनीति आदि पर विचार प्रकट किया है। वह एक यथार्थवादी और व्यावहारिक राजनीति का प्रणेता है। उन्होंने अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंधों के सैद्धांतिक और व्यावहारिक पक्षों पर प्रकाश डाला है। अन्य भारतीय चिंतकों के समान कौटिल्य भी विभिन्न राज्यों की पारस्परिक संबंधों के दो आधार युद्ध और संधि बताते हैं। कौटिल्य ने युद्ध संबंधी विषयों जैसे युद्ध के अवसर, युद्ध के औचित्य, युद्ध के नियमों, युद्ध क्रिया आदि सभी पक्षों पर विस्तार से प्रकाश डाला है। दूसरी ओर, कौटिल्य ने पर राष्ट्र संबंध स्थापित करने के लिए मंडल सिद्धांत और षड्गुण्य नीति का उल्लेख किया जिसमें विश्व शांति की झलक दिखाई देती है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में प्राचीन भारत में युद्ध और विश्व शांति पर कौटिल्य के विचारों का विश्लेषण किया गया है।
Copyright (c) 2026 Ekta Sharma, Dr. Rashmi Mala Sahu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heatwaves and Urban Heat Islands: A Geographical Study of Sustainable Cities
Climate change and rapid urbanization have significantly increased the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, posing serious challenges to sustainable urban development. This study examines the relationship between heatwaves, Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), and sustainable cities from a geographical perspective. Using a mixed-method research design, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches by analyzing secondary data obtained from peer-reviewed literature, government reports, meteorological records, census data, and satellite imagery. Spatial analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were employed to assess temperature variations, land-use changes, and the spatial distribution of Urban Heat Islands. The findings reveal that rapid urban expansion, declining vegetation cover, and increasing impervious surfaces have intensified Urban Heat Island effects, resulting in higher urban temperatures than surrounding rural areas. The study further demonstrates that prolonged heatwaves, combined with Urban Heat Islands, increase energy consumption, deteriorate air quality, reduce water availability, and elevate heat-related health risks, particularly among vulnerable populations. The results emphasize the importance of sustainable urban planning through green infrastructure, urban forests, cool roofs, reflective pavements, Heat Action Plans, and early warning systems to enhance urban climate resilience. This study contributes to geographical research by integrating climate change, urbanization, and sustainable development into a comprehensive analytical framework. The findings provide valuable insights for urban planners, policymakers, environmental scientists, and public health professionals in designing climate-resilient cities capable of adapting to increasing heat stress while promoting long-term environmental sustainability and improving the quality of urban life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. P. Anuj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Echoes of the East: British Writers’ Retelling of Indian Folk Tales
Due to the richness of culture, religion and language, Indian folk tales have always attracted authors worldwide. Not only do they entertain people across the globe, but they also embody India's ethical values. These narratives are replete with contemporary belief systems, cultural values, moral lessons, and the writers' life experiences. In a very entertaining manner, they provide the knowledge about society, social norms, cultural beliefs and taboos. During the period of British colonial rule, Indian folk tales attracted British writers and influenced their work, leading them to incorporate this storytelling tradition into their writings. This paper examines how British writers incorporated the theme of folk tales in their works and how they adapted and represented Indian folk tales from the late nineteenth century to the post-colonial period. The chapter focuses on the use of Indian folk narratives in the works of Rudyard Kipling, Flora Annie Steel, T.S. Eliot, Mark Tully, Helen Bannerman, Joseph Campbell, Neil Gaiman, Jamila Gavin, Sir Richard Burton, Salman Rushdie and Mary Frere. Though all these writers were influenced by the rich culture of Indian folk tales, they represented it in entirely different ways. Some found it philosophical and self-satisfying; some were curious; some admired it; and some documented and adopted it with the intention of preserving it. Although these writers adopted this folk tradition for different reasons, there is no doubt that they also helped carry it forward.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. P. Singh, Aditi Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
History of Pandemic and Its Psychological Impact
Pandemics are fundamentally disruptive events that reshape human history. While their physical and economic tolls are easily quantified through mortality rates and financial losses, their psychological footprints are often deeper and longer-lasting. This paper examines the historical trajectory of major pandemics from the Plague of Athens to COVID-19 analyzing the recurrent psychological phenomena that accompany widespread contagion. It argues that while medical technology has advanced exponentially, the human psychological response to pandemic threats remains remarkably consistent, characterized by existential dread, social fragmentation, escape and chronic collective trauma.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Abhinaw Anand, Dr. S. Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Academic Stress and Mental Health among College Students in Bokaro Steel City
The present study investigated the impact of academic stress on mental health among college-going students in Bokaro Steel City, Jharkhand. The study also examined the influence of gender and place of residence on academic stress and mental health outcomes. A total of 80 college students were selected through purposive sampling, comprising male and female students from both urban and rural areas. Academic stress was assessed using the standardized Academic Stress Scale (ASS) developed by Kumar, Yadav, and Yadav (2024), which evaluates classroom and examination stress domains, while mental health was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) developed by Goldberg (1978). The collected data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. The findings revealed significant gender differences, with female students reporting higher accumulation of academic stress, placing them within the 'High Stress' percentile (Stanine 7) of the indigenized scale, as well as significantly higher psychological distress than male students. Significant differences were also observed between urban and rural students; rural students exhibited alarmingly high academic stress approaching the 90th percentile threshold along with poorer mental health outcomes, pointing toward severe classroom adaptation and resource constraints. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between academic stress and psychological distress (r = 0.68, p < .01), indicating that increased classroom and examination-related pressures are strongly associated with deteriorating mental health. The study highlights the urgent need for domain-specific stress-management strategies, institutional counseling services, and tailored mental health support programs within higher educational institutions to enhance students’ psychological well-being and academic adjustment in contemporary settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Sushmita Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Historiography: An Analysis of How History is Written and Interpreted
Historiography refers to the study of how history is written, interpreted, and constructed by historians across different periods. It goes beyond the simple recording of past events and focuses on the methods, perspectives, and ideological frameworks that shape historical narratives. This paper examines the evolution of historiography from ancient narrative traditions to modern scientific approaches and postmodern critiques, highlighting how the understanding and interpretation of history have transformed over time. It also discusses major schools of historiography, including positivist, Marxist, subaltern, and feminist perspectives, each of which offers a distinct framework for analyzing the past and emphasizes different aspects of historical reality. Furthermore, the study explores key factors that influence historical interpretation, such as bias, culture, political ideology, and the availability and limitations of sources. Through selected case studies like the Revolt of 1857, the French Revolution, World War I, and the Industrial Revolution, the paper demonstrates how the same historical events can generate multiple and often conflicting interpretations. Overall, this research emphasizes that history is not a fixed or absolute truth but a dynamic and continuously evolving process of interpretation shaped by context, perspective, and methodological choices of historians.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. A. K. Mohanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-Economic Dimensions of Eco-Tourism in Jharkhand: An Analysis of Employment Trends and Regional Growth
Eco-tourism is increasingly promoted as a sustainable livelihood strategy for economically marginalized yet ecologically rich regions like Jharkhand. This study evaluates the socio-economic dimensions of eco-tourism in the state, with a specific focus on employment stability, regional growth and gendered participation rates. Utilizing a secondary-data framework and a longitudinal analysis of state-wide data over the last decade, the research examines the sector's developmental impact through institutional reports, labor force surveys and economic indicators. The findings reveal a statistically significant positive correlation between expanding eco-tourism infrastructure and state-level non-farm revenue, which now accounts for 43.4% of the Gross State Value Added (GSVA). Regional clusters such as Ranchi and Ramgarh demonstrate a structural shift toward service-based economies, driven by high-footfall sites like Patratu Valley and Hundru Falls. However, critical challenges persist; approximately 79% of tourism-linked employment is seasonal or informal, offering limited year-round stability. Furthermore, a stark gender gap exists, with women’s participation restricted to 28% and concentrated in low-return vending roles. The study underscores the need for policy interventions that prioritize off-season tourism products, targeted skill development for women through Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and formalized community-based governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. K. Bhagat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Grey Divorce Phenomenon: A Systematic Review of Loneliness and Psychological Well-being in Indian and Global Contexts
This systematic review looks at the phenomenon of “Grey Divorce” or dissolution of marriage after age 50, within the global and Indian socio-cultural context. For a long time, it has been documented in the Western literature that late-life divorce leads to emotional loneliness. The paper attempts to study the case of the Indian seniors who emerge out from ‘sacramental’ to more ‘individualized’ aging. A review of the recent empirical data, particularly the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), identifies the critical “Empty Nest Catalyst which turns latent attachment crises due to the decoupling of domestic roles harnessed to children. The results point to a “relational displacement” in India. Here, the divorced woman suffers from a more serious loss of social identity and their familial “place” compared to her peers from other parts of the world. Thus, this higher risk may contribute to geriatric depression. On the other hand, Digital Social Capital and Identity Reconstruction are identified as crucial buffers for post-traumatic growth. In the conclusion, a recommendation is made that geriatric counselling moves from a mandate or emphasis on ‘reconciliation’ to that of ‘autonomy’ in the sphere of psychology. Further, it highlights the clinical relevance of the divorced old in an ever-evolving world.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. R. Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bharatiya Naari ke Prati Swami Vivekanand ke Vichar
19वीं सदी के उत्तरार्द में जिस समय स्वामी विवेकानंद का जन्म हुआ था उस समय स्त्रियों की दशा अत्यंत दयनीय थी। इसका मुख्य कारण अशिक्षा, बालविवाह पर्दाप्रथा सत्ती प्रथा जैसे प्रचलित कुरीतियों समाज में व्यापक रूप से प्रचलित थे। स्वामी विवेकानंद स्त्री शिक्षा के प्रबल समर्थक थे। स्त्री शिक्षा के विषय में स्वामी विवेकानंद का विचार उदार था उनके लिए स्त्री तथा पुरूष दोनों को शिक्षा के पक्षधर थे। स्वामी विवेकानंद देश के कल्याण के लिए आधी आबादी के लिए शिक्षा को जरूरी मानते थे। वह समस्त भारतवासी में भगवान श्री रामचन्द्र तथा माता सीता के जीवन को आर्दश मानते थे। समस्त बालिका सीता के भव्य आदर्श की आराधना करती है। तथा भारतवर्ष के प्रत्येक स्त्री की यह आकांक्षा है कि वह अपने जीवन को भगवती सीता के समान पवित्र, भक्तिपूर्ण और सर्वसह बनाये। यहाँ तक भारत में कोई गुरू अथवा संत जब किसी स्त्री को आशीर्वाद देते है तो कहते है ‘‘तुम सीताजी के समान बनो’’ और किसी बलिका को आशीर्वाद देते है तब भी यह कहते है कि सीता का अनुकरण करो। भगवती सीता जी को पद-पद पर यातनाएँ तथा कष्ट मिलते रहे परन्तु उनके मुख से रामचन्द्र के प्रति एक भी कठोर शब्द नहीं निकाले। वह सभी विपतियों और कष्टो का वे कर्त्तव्य-बुद्धि से स्वागत करती रही तथा उसे भली भाँति निभाती रही है। यही सच्चा भारतीय आदर्श है। स्त्री हमेशा से ही पारिवारिक, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक व्यवस्थाओं समाज में महिलाओं की स्थिति जितनी सशक्त तथा प्रभावशाली होना चाहिए वह अभी भी पूर्ण रूप से नही हो पाया है। भारतीय संविधान में भी महिलाओं को पुरूष के समान अधिकार दिये गये है। फिर भी उनका शोषण किया जाता है। आज हम भले ही 21वीं सदी में पहुँच गए है लेकिन स्त्रियों के प्रति हमारी मानसिकता आज भी पुरानी ही रह गई है। इस शोध में स्वामी विवेकानंद भारतीय नारी के प्रति अपने विचार को प्रस्तुत किये है क्योंकि स्वामी विवेकानंद राष्ट्र के प्रगति में महिलाओं की उपयोगिता को महत्त्वपूर्ण मानते है उनका कहना है कि हमें महिलाओं की ऐसी अवस्था में ला देना है कि वह अपनी समस्याओं को अपने अनुसार स्वयं सुलझा सके। जो समाज के उत्थान तथा कल्याण में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सके।
Copyright (c) 2026 V. K. Yadav, Dr. S. Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sleep Inequality & The 24/7 Capitalist Body: A Sociological Review of Rest, Power & Time Discipline
Sleep is biologically universal but profoundly socially stratified. This critical narrative review interrogates how late capitalist time regimes structurally produce, legitimize, and medicalize sleep inequality. Moving beyond biomedical individualism, the analysis integrates Marxist political economy, Foucauldian biopolitics, critical time sociology, and intersectional frameworks to position rest as a contested site of power and social reproduction. Synthesizing contemporary interdisciplinary scholarship from 2000 to 2026, the review traces how algorithmic scheduling, digital tethering, and just-in-time labor erode temporal autonomy, particularly for marginalized workers bearing intersecting structural class, race, and gender burdens. The paper introduces temporal extraction as a mid-range concept to explain how capital systematically appropriates non-work hours and circadian stability, transforming biological necessity into a depleted resource. Despite growing wellness commodification, structural determinants of sleep deprivation remain under-theorized, while resistance and collective temporal sovereignty are marginalized in extant literature. The review concludes by advocating for binding labor protections, participatory scheduling, and rest-positive institutional cultures. By reframing sleep as a cornerstone of temporal justice, this critical analysis provides sociologists and policymakers with a diagnostic lens to dismantle twenty-four-seven exploitation and reclaim rest as a fundamental democratic right.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. K. Roychoudhury (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ranchi ke Peri-urban Kshetron me Bhumi Rupantaran aur Khadya Suraksha ka Bhaugolik Adhyayan: Ek Vistrit Sahitya Samiksha
प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र राँची नगर निगम (RMC) क्षेत्र में पिछले एक दशक (2014-2024) के दौरान हुए तीव्र शहरीकरण, भूमि उपयोग परिवर्तन (LULC) और उनके परिणामस्वरूप उत्पन्न तापीय विसंगतियों का एक व्यापक समीक्षात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है । अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि कैसे राँची के पेरी-अर्बन क्षेत्रों में कृषि भूमि का कंक्रीट सतहों में रूपांतरण स्थानीय खाद्य सुरक्षा और सूक्ष्म-जलवायु (Micro-climate) को प्रभावित कर रहा है । यह शोध 'व्यवस्थित साहित्य समीक्षा' और पूर्व प्रकाशित भू-स्थानिक आंकड़ों के मेटा-एनालिसिस पर आधारित है । विश्लेषण से प्राप्त परिणाम यह दर्शाते हैं कि राँची में निर्मित क्षेत्र (Built-up Area) में लगभग 15.7% की वृद्धि हुई है, जबकि कृषि भूमि में 10.7% की गिरावट दर्ज की गई है । इस भौतिक रूपांतरण के कारण शहर के औसत सतह तापमान (LST) में 3°C से 4°C तक की वृद्धि हुई है, जो राँची को एक 'शहरी ऊष्मा द्वीप' (Urban Heat Island) में तब्दील कर रहा है । शोध यह स्पष्ट करता है कि वनस्पति सूचकांक (NDVI) और तापमान (LST) के बीच एक गहरा नकारात्मक सह-संबंध विद्यमान है । निष्कर्षतः, यह अध्ययन राँची की सुखद जलवायु को अक्षुण्ण रखने के लिए 'ब्लू-ग्रीन इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर' के एकीकरण और सतत शहरी नियोजन की अनिवार्य आवश्यकता पर बल देता है । यह समीक्षा भविष्य के नीति-निर्माताओं के लिए राँची को 'हीट रेजिलिएंट' शहर बनाने हेतु एक आधारभूत दस्तावेज के रूप में सहायक सिद्ध होगी ।
Copyright (c) 2026 B. Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Enabling Environment for Tribal Women Artists in Eastern India: A Comparative Analysis of Socio-Economic Indicators in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha
Tribal women in eastern India are key custodians of indigenous art forms such as Sohrai-Khovar (Jharkhand), Dhokra metal craft (Chhattisgarh), and Saura painting (Odisha). Yet their socio-economic empowerment remains uneven across states. Using secondary data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21), this study compares the welfare of Scheduled Tribe (ST) women in nine districts recognized as hubs of tribal art across Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. Focusing on education, asset ownership, financial inclusion, and decision-making autonomy, the analysis reveals consistent inter-state disparities. Odisha outperforms both Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh across nearly all indicators: ST women in Odisha exhibit higher literacy (64.7% vs. 58.2% and 52.1%), greater bank account ownership (71.2% vs. 63.8% and 59.4%), and stronger participation in household decisions (67.4% in healthcare choices). In contrast, Jharkhand shows moderate digital access but lags in sanitation and agency, while Chhattisgarh excels in toilet coverage yet trails in human capital. These findings suggest that cultural skill alone is insufficient for economic empowerment; structural enablers—such as education, financial infrastructure, and collective institutions like SHGs—are critical. The paper argues that Jharkhand can strengthen its Tribal Women Artist Cooperatives (TWACs) by integrating them with livelihood missions, expanding digital literacy, and institutionalizing women’s leadership. By linking cultural heritage to measurable development outcomes, this study offers evidence-based pathways for inclusive policy design in India’s tribal heartland.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ashirwad Minz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI and Machine Learning in Geospatial Analysis: Advances, Biases, and Future Directions (2020–2026)
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into geospatial analysis (2020–2026) has transformed spatial research through cloud computing, advanced deep learning architectures, and foundation models. Yet, technical progress frequently outpaces critical evaluation of spatial validity, equity, and reproducibility. This review synthesizes contemporary GeoAI developments using a PRISMA-guided scoping framework and critical narrative analysis. We examine paradigm shifts from rule-based statistics to self-supervised learning, map domain-specific applications across environmental, urban, and human geography, and interrogate systemic challenges including spatial sampling bias, algorithmic opacity, and commercial data monopolies. Findings reveal that while predictive accuracy has improved dramatically, models often fail to capture place-based context, scale dependencies, and socio-political data realities. We advocate for standardized geospatial benchmarks, transparent validation protocols, hybrid process-AI frameworks, and participatory governance to mitigate geographic inequities. Ultimately, responsible GeoAI requires sustained interdisciplinary collaboration that aligns computational innovation with rigorous spatial theory, ethical data stewardship, and actionable policy implementation globally.
Copyright (c) 2026 R. S. Daniel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study of Out- of-Pocket Expenditure on Schooling for Scheduled Tribes (ST) vs. General Category Households in Four Cities of Jharkhand
This study investigates the socioeconomic disparities in educational investment by examining the Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) on schooling between Scheduled Tribe (ST) and General Category households in the urban centers of Jharkhand, specifically Ranchi, Sahebganj, Dumka, and Chaibasa. Despite the legal mandate of the Right to Education Act of 2009, "free education" often remains a conceptual ideal due to the significant financial burden of direct and indirect costs borne by households. Utilizing secondary data from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 75th Round (2017- 18), the research employs a quantitative and comparative design to analyze fiscal disparities. The findings reveal a stark contrast in absolute spending; General Category households spend nearly three times more (₹18,920) annually per student than ST households (₹6,450). An Independent Samples T-test confirms this difference is statistically significant, t(498) = 8.42, p < .001. Critically, the study identifies a "non-fee trap" for tribal families, where 42% of their educational budget is consumed by "hidden costs" such as books, stationery, and uniforms. Additionally, a pervasive "coaching culture" exists across both groups, with ST households spending approximately 25% of their budget on private tuitions. The paper concludes that achieving educational equity requires policy interventions beyond fee waivers, specifically recommending the universalization of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) for non-fee items and the establishment of community-based remedial centers to alleviate the regressive financial burden on tribal households.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. L. Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolution and Current Status of Digital Payment Systems in India: A Decade after the 2016 Indian Demonetization
The rapid growth of digital payment systems has significantly transformed the financial transaction landscape in India over the past decade. This study examines the evolution and current status of digital payment systems in India in the decade following the 2016 Indian Demonetisation. The study is based on secondary data obtained from the Monthly Payment System Indicators published by the Reserve Bank of India. Monthly transaction data for the year 2025 have been analysed to assess the value and trends of major digital payment systems such as Unified Payments Interface (UPI), credit cards, and debit cards. The analysis is primarily descriptive and focuses on identifying patterns in digital payment transactions across different months. The findings indicate that UPI has emerged as the most dominant digital payment platform in India, accounting for a substantial share of total digital transactions. The consistently high volume and value of digital payments reflect the increasing adoption of electronic payment methods and highlight the continued expansion of India’s digital payment ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Right to Privacy after Puttaswamy Judgment: A Review of Legal Developments
The Right to Privacy is a fundamental aspect of human dignity, liberty, and autonomy. In India, its legal status was unclear until the landmark Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) judgment, which recognized privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 and linked it with Articles 14 and 19. This review examines post-Puttaswamy legal developments, including judicial interpretations, legislative responses, and data protection initiatives. Using doctrinal analysis of constitutional provisions, cases, statutes, and scholarship, the study finds that the judgment significantly expanded individual rights and influenced subsequent decisions. However, balancing state interests with personal privacy remains a challenge. The article concludes that ongoing judicial oversight and legislative refinement are crucial to safeguarding privacy, especially in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mayank Srivastava (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Tension Between Human Rights and National Security in India: A Critical Review
India, as the world’s largest democracy, enshrines robust fundamental rights in its Constitution, yet frequently curtails them in the name of national security. This paper offers a critical review of the persistent tension between human rights and security imperatives in the Indian context. It examines how legislative frameworks— particularly the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) coupled with the National Register of Citizens (NRC)—have been used to justify prolonged detentions, extrajudicial actions, and systemic discrimination, especially against marginalized communities in Kashmir, the Northeast, and among religious minorities. While the state invokes sovereignty and internal threats to legitimize these measures, this review argues that such laws often function less as tools of counter-terrorism and more as instruments of political control and social exclusion. The judiciary’s inconsistent stance—progressive in theory but deferential in practice—further enables executive overreach. International human rights bodies have repeatedly flagged India’s declining civic freedoms, yet the government rejects external scrutiny under the banner of sovereignty. Drawing on legal judgments, policy documents, and scholarly critiques, this paper contends that sustainable security cannot be achieved through the suspension of rights but must be rooted in constitutional morality, accountability, and inclusion. In an era of rising authoritarianism and shrinking democratic space, reconciling security with human dignity remains India’s most urgent democratic challenge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. P. Paul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chhayawad ki Virasat: Hindi Kavya me Bhawanatmak Gehrai ka Samikshatmak Vishleshan
हिंदी साहित्य के इतिहास में छायावाद एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण युग है, जिसने काव्य को बाह्य वास्तविकता से उठाकर आंतरिक भाव-भूमि की ओर मोड़ दिया। यह लेख छायावादी काव्य में निहित भावनात्मक गहराई का समीक्षात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है और यह दर्शाता है कि कैसे जयशंकर प्रसाद, सुमित्रानंदन पंत, महादेवी वर्मा एवं निराला जैसे चार प्रमुख कवियों ने व्यक्तिगत दुख, प्रकृति-चेतना, आध्यात्मिक खोज और स्त्री-अस्तित्व जैसे विषयों को काव्य का केंद्र बनाकर हिंदी काव्य को एक नई दिशा दी। छायावाद ने न केवल भावनाओं को केंद्र में रखा, बल्कि उन्हें प्रतीकों, मुक्त छंद और नवीन भाषिक अभिव्यक्ति के माध्यम से अभिव्यक्त किया। यह आंदोलन पश्चिमी रोमांटिकता से प्रभावित अवश्य था, किंतु भारतीय अध्यात्म, अद्वैत दर्शन और भक्ति परंपरा के साथ उसका एक अद्वितीय सांस्कृतिक संवाद हुआ। लेख में छायावाद के मनोवैज्ञानिक आयामों—जैसे अवचेतन, आनिमा और अस्तित्वगत द्वंद्व—को भी उजागर किया गया है। साथ ही, महादेवी वर्मा के माध्यम से उभरती स्त्री-चेतना का लैंगिक विश्लेषण किया गया है, जो छायावाद को केवल भावुकता से ऊपर उठाकर एक सामाजिक-दार्शनिक आंदोलन के रूप में स्थापित करता है। यद्यपि प्रगतिवादियों ने छायावाद पर "अति-व्यक्तिवाद" और "सामाजिक विमुखता" का आरोप लगाया, तथापि यह लेख तर्क देता है कि आंतरिक वास्तविकता का चित्रण भी सामाजिक परिवर्तन का एक अभिन्न अंग है। आज के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य और अस्तित्वगत तनाव से ग्रस्त युग में छायावाद की भावनात्मक गहराई अत्यंत प्रासंगिक है। यह लेख निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि छायावाद केवल एक साहित्यिक धारा नहीं, बल्कि मानवीय भावनाओं की अमर विरासत है, जो आज भी हिंदी काव्य की धड़कन बनी हुई है।
Copyright (c) 2026 P. Mishra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Museums, Repatriation, and the Politics of Belonging: Decolonizing Anthropological Collections
For over a century, museums in Europe and North America have housed vast collections of human remains, sacred objects, and cultural artifacts acquired during colonial expansion. Long celebrated as repositories of “universal knowledge,” these institutions are now at the center of urgent global debates about justice, memory, and belonging. This review examines the growing movement to decolonize anthropological collections through repatriation—the return of cultural heritage to Indigenous and formerly colonized communities. Drawing on key case studies, legal frameworks, and critical scholarship, the article explores the ethical imperatives, political tensions, and transformative possibilities inherent in this process. It argues that repatriation is not merely about returning objects, but about restoring relationships, acknowledging historical violence, and reimagining museums as sites of repair rather than possession.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. S. Prajapati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cash, Credit and Crops: Assessing the Impact of PM-KISAN on Farm Household Financial Resilience
This study assesses the impact of India's Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme on farm household financial resilience, conceptualized across three pillars: consumption smoothing, indebtedness management, and productive investment. Utilizing nationally representative secondary data from the National Statistical Office's Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households (2021) and NABARD's All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (2021- 22), the analysis employs a comparative descriptive framework. Findings indicate that PM-KISAN funds are predominantly utilized for household consumption (68% of beneficiaries) and loan repayment (49%), playing a significant role in short-term stability. However, only 24% of households report using the transfer for agricultural inputs, primarily on recurrent expenditures rather than long-term capital assets. The annual transfer of ₹6,000 is found to be effective as a liquidity tool for debt servicing but is insufficient to structurally reduce debt burdens or catalyze transformative investment. The paper concludes that while PM-KISAN functions effectively as a social protection mechanism that enhances immediate consumption resilience, its design limits its capacity to build long-term productive resilience. To bridge this gap, the study recommends integrated policy measures, including "PM-KISAN Plus" co-payment models for specific investments, convergence with formal credit channels and scaled transfers based on vulnerability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. S. Kumar, A. K. Bhagat, A. Minz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Language, Emotion, and Belonging: Does Medium of Instruction Moderate the Link Between Emotional Awareness and Social Adjustment?
Adolescence is a pivotal developmental phase wherein language functions not only as a medium of instruction but also as a critical scaffold for emotional expression and social identity. In the Indian context, the choice between Hindi and English as the medium of instruction (MoI) reflects deeper sociocultural dynamics that may shape how adolescents understand and regulate their emotions. This study investigates whether MoI moderates the relationship between emotional awareness and social adjustment among 80 adolescents (aged 14–19) from Hindi- and English-medium schools in Ranchi, Jharkhand. Using the Clarity subscale of the Hindi-adapted Trait Meta-Mood Scale (Singh & Sharma, 2013) and relevant dimensions of Mathur’s (1999) Social Intelligence Scale, data were collected via stratified random sampling and analyzed using independent samples t-tests and Pearson correlations. Results revealed that Hindi- medium students scored significantly higher than English-medium peers on both emotional awareness (M = 38.60 vs. 35.40, p = 0.006) and social adjustment (M = 76.20 vs. 72.10, p = 0.023). Girls also reported higher levels on both variables compared to boys (p < 0.05). Importantly, the correlation between emotional awareness and social adjustment was stronger among Hindi-medium students (r = 0.61) than English-medium students (r = 0.41), suggesting MoI moderates this link. These findings support the linguistic congruence hypothesis and highlight the role of native-language education in fostering socio-emotional well-being. The study underscores the need for culturally and linguistically responsive mental health frameworks in Indian schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. Kabiraj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Female Secondary Education Completion on the Age of Marriage
This study examines the critical relationship between female secondary education completion and the age at first marriage in Jharkhand, India, utilizing cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21). Despite legal frameworks aimed at curbing child marriage, social norms continue to drive early unions in many parts of India. The research employs a quantitative and correlational design to analyze a state-level subsample of women aged 20–24. The findings reveal a stark "education gap"; women with no formal schooling in Jharkhand are three times more likely (56.4%) to marry before the age of 18 compared to those who completed 10 or more years of education (18.2%). Correlation analysis demonstrates a robust positive relationship (r = 0.78) between years of schooling and marriage timing. Furthermore, while secondary education serves as a threshold for preventing child marriage, the data indicates that Higher Secondary education (12+ years) is the primary driver for delaying marriage until the mid-20s, with only 22.8% of highly educated women marrying by age 21. The study concludes that educational attainment is a definitive determinant of marriage age, functioning as a "social vaccine" that provides women with the agency to negotiate life choices. Policy recommendations focus on incentivizing the transition from Grade 10 to 12 and improving rural educational infrastructure to align with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the proposed legal marriage age of 21.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Leena Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Subjective Well-being (SWB) among School and College Teachers: A Comparative Study
Teachers are the important guides of human being. That's why it is very important that they remain mentally and physically healthy. In this study, an attempt has been made to measure the Subjective Well-being of the teachers working in different Schools and Colleges of Ranchi district. It was aimed to measure the Subjective Well- being of the teachers and to see the difference in levels of Subjective Well-being between male and female as well as between the teachers working in Schools and Colleges. The study also aimed to see the impact of gender and institutional affiliation on Subjective Well-being. Data were collected using Personal Data Questionnaire and Subjective Well-being Inventory (Thakur, G. P. and Singh, R. N. 2005) from 50 male and 50 female teachers of various schools and colleges. A 2X2 factorial design was adopted and stratification was made on the basis of gender and institutional affiliation for this study. Statistical techniques, such as Mean, SD, t-ratio and ANOVA were applied for the analysis of the data. The results revealed that all the teachers had a high level of Subjective Well- being. The same trend was visible in different sample subgroups and in dimensions-wise scores also. No significant difference was observed between male and female teachers but there existed a significant difference between School teachers and College teachers on Subjective Well-being. ANOVA analysis revealed that gender and institutional affiliation had significant impact on Subjective Well-being, but the interaction of both was found insignificant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. A. Kumari Rakhi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Purpose of present research is to examine the impact gender on the level of stress and adjustment. The sample of the study consisted of two groups (male and female) each group is having 50 students. Students Stress Scale (SSS) and Bell’s Adjustment Inventory (BAI) were used for the measurement of above variables. Research found that girls (158.24) feel more stress than boys (148.83) and also they (girls 46.31) have poor adjustment than boys (43.21).
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Shalini Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empathy and Compassion Fatigue Among Helping Professionals: A Psychological Review
Helping professionals such as doctors, nurses, counselors, social workers, and teachers play a vital role in addressing the emotional and physical needs of others. Their ability to empathize allows them to build trust, provide comfort, and deliver effective care. However, the continuous exposure to the suffering, trauma, and distress of others often leads to emotional exhaustion, known as compassion fatigue. This review explores the complex relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue, examining how excessive emotional involvement can transform empathy from a healing tool into a source of psychological strain. The article synthesizes research findings that highlight empathy’s dual role — as both a strength and a potential vulnerability — among helping professionals. It further discusses contributing factors such as workload, emotional overload, and lack of support, along with preventive strategies including mindfulness, self-care, and organizational support systems. Understanding compassion fatigue is essential for promoting emotional resilience, ensuring well-being, and sustaining compassionate care in professional settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prasad, S. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0